Having a previous pregnancy where the baby had structural defects can be a scarring experience for many parents. If you experienced this situation, you might be wondering what steps to take for your next pregnancy.

More than 90% of babies are born without any structural defects. However, about 4-6% of cases may involve major abnormalities. Learn more about these congenital defects/abnormalities from a doctor specializing in fetal medicine.

Understanding Defects:

  1. Types of Defects: Structural defects can be congenital, with or without a genetic association.

  1. Ultrasonography Findings: During an ultrasound, certain abnormalities may be detected. These defects can be divided into four subtypes.

  • Not compatible with life: Some conditions, like an underdeveloped brain (anencephaly) or kidneys (bilateral renal agenesis), are not compatible with life. In such cases, pregnancy termination may be advised.

  • Minor Abnormalities: These may be apparently minor but not life-threatening. However, they could lead to significant physical or mental challenges. For example, a congenital heart defect like ventricular septal defect (VSD) is correctible and can be treated after birth, but if combined with Down's Syndrome, it could severely impact the baby’s quality of life. This means there is a morbidity associated with genetic conditions. Doctors therefore recommend pregnancy termination in these cases.

  • Treatable Conditions: Some conditions, like Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome/ lower urinary tract obstruction may be managed by operating within the uterus during pregnancy. 


  • Isolated Major Abnormalities: Conditions such as abdominal wall defects (exomphalos) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia can often be treated with surgery after birth. It is crucial to verify that these abnormalities are isolated and not associated with genetic conditions with the help of tests like amniocentesis. Deliveries involving such conditions should be conducted at specialized centres with appropriate pediatric support and critical care facilities.

What to Do If You Had a Baby with a Structural Defect in Your Last Pregnancy

If you had a baby with a structural defect in your previous pregnancy, here are the essential steps to take before conceiving again, suggests a doctor specializing in fetal medicine. 

  1. Pre-pregnancy counselling: Consult with a fetal medicine specialist and a genetic counsellor. They will help assess the risk of recurrence.

  1. Understand Recurrence Risk: Determine the likelihood of the defect recurring in future pregnancies. If the risk is low, you can proceed with planning a future pregnancy.

  1. Monitor and Test: During any subsequent pregnancy, ensure regular ultrasounds to monitor fetal development. Consider diagnostic tests such as amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) to detect potential genetic defects or abnormalities. 

  1. Plan and Prepare: Awareness and careful planning are crucial. Work closely with your doctor to manage your pregnancy effectively and increase the chances of a healthy outcome.

With the right support and preparation from the doctors specializing in fetal medicine, you can approach your next pregnancy with greater confidence and improve your chances of having a healthy baby.